Сети - Модель OSI 

Page / - Изменено Alexandr Fokin в 2022/12/12 12:14 

Модель OSI 
Изменено Alexandr Fokin
в 2022/12/12 12:14

Оглавление

Open Systems Interconnection model
Сетевая модель OSI
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Сетевая_модель_OSI
Модель является условной, и реальные протоколы и стеки вполне могут не соответствовать ее структуре/разделению и только в некоторой мере проецируются на ее уровни.
Не всегда протокол можно однозначно отнести к определенному уровню модели.

Уровень	Примеры идентификаторов	Пример протокола	Пример оборудования	
1. Физический	 	 	Витая пара + Registered Jack (RJ)(8P8C),
Радиодиапазон 2.4 ГГц,
Радиодиапазон 850 МГц,
Волоконно-оптический кабель	
2. Канальный	MAC адрес	Ethernet (frame),
802.11.b,
3G,
ARP,
Spanning tree protocol	Свитч (MAC address table)	
3. Сетевой	IP адрес	IP (IP пакеты),
ICMP (IP пакеты),	Роутер (Пограничные сети и таблицы маршрутизации)	
4. Транспортный	Порт	TCP (tcp segment),
UDP (udp datagram)	Хост	
5. Сеансовый	 	 		
6. Представления	 	 		
7. Прикладной	 	HTTP 1.1, WebSocket		

Внутренние ссылки:
Дочерние страницы:
Обратные ссылки:
Не удалось выполнить макрос [velocity]. Причина: [The execution of the [velocity] script macro is not allowed in [xwiki:Сети.Модель OSI.WebHome]. Check the rights of its last author or the parameters if it's rendered from another script.]. Нажмите на это сообщение для получения подробной информации.
org.xwiki.rendering.macro.MacroExecutionException: The execution of the [velocity] script macro is not allowed in [xwiki:Сети.Модель OSI.WebHome]. Check the rights of its last author or the parameters if it's rendered from another script.
 at org.xwiki.rendering.macro.script.AbstractScriptMacro.execute(AbstractScriptMacro.java:178)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.macro.script.AbstractScriptMacro.execute(AbstractScriptMacro.java:58)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.internal.transformation.macro.MacroTransformation.transform(MacroTransformation.java:441)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.internal.transformation.DefaultRenderingContext.transformInContext(DefaultRenderingContext.java:183)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.internal.transformation.DefaultTransformationManager.performTransformations(DefaultTransformationManager.java:88)
 at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.executeInCurrentExecutionContext(DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.java:396)
 at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.execute(DocumentContentAsyncExecutor.java:269)
 at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentAsyncRenderer.execute(DocumentContentAsyncRenderer.java:112)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.render(AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.java:157)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.render(AbstractBlockAsyncRenderer.java:54)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.syncRender(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:290)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:267)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.execute(DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.java:125)
 at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentDisplayer.display(DocumentContentDisplayer.java:93)
 at org.xwiki.display.internal.DocumentContentDisplayer.display(DocumentContentDisplayer.java:46)
 at org.xwiki.display.internal.DefaultDocumentDisplayer.display(DefaultDocumentDisplayer.java:96)
 at org.xwiki.display.internal.DefaultDocumentDisplayer.display(DefaultDocumentDisplayer.java:39)
 at org.xwiki.sheet.internal.SheetDocumentDisplayer.display(SheetDocumentDisplayer.java:123)
 at org.xwiki.sheet.internal.SheetDocumentDisplayer.display(SheetDocumentDisplayer.java:52)
 at org.xwiki.display.internal.ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.display(ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.java:68)
 at org.xwiki.display.internal.ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.display(ConfiguredDocumentDisplayer.java:42)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.display(XWikiDocument.java:1431)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.getRenderedContent(XWikiDocument.java:1567)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.getRenderedContent(XWikiDocument.java:1534)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.getRenderedContent(XWikiDocument.java:1449)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.doc.XWikiDocument.getRenderedContent(XWikiDocument.java:1576)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.api.Document.getRenderedContent(Document.java:829)
 at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(Unknown Source)
 at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
 at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.doInvoke(UberspectImpl.java:571)
 at org.apache.velocity.util.introspection.UberspectImpl$VelMethodImpl.invoke(UberspectImpl.java:554)
 at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTMethod.execute(ASTMethod.java:221)
 at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.execute(ASTReference.java:368)
 at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTReference.render(ASTReference.java:492)
 at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTBlock.render(ASTBlock.java:147)
 at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Foreach.renderBlock(Foreach.java:309)
 at org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Foreach.render(Foreach.java:279)
 at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.ASTDirective.render(ASTDirective.java:304)
 at org.apache.velocity.runtime.parser.node.SimpleNode.render(SimpleNode.java:439)
 at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:358)
 at org.apache.velocity.Template.merge(Template.java:262)
 at org.xwiki.velocity.internal.InternalVelocityEngine.evaluate(InternalVelocityEngine.java:233)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.VelocityTemplateEvaluator.evaluateContent(VelocityTemplateEvaluator.java:107)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.evaluateContent(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:219)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.renderVelocity(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:174)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:135)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.TemplateAsyncRenderer.render(TemplateAsyncRenderer.java:54)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.lambda$syncRender$0(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.security.authorization.DefaultAuthorExecutor.call(DefaultAuthorExecutor.java:98)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.syncRender(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:284)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultAsyncRendererExecutor.java:267)
 at org.xwiki.rendering.async.internal.block.DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.render(DefaultBlockAsyncRendererExecutor.java:154)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:907)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderFromSkin(InternalTemplateManager.java:869)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.renderFromSkin(InternalTemplateManager.java:849)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.InternalTemplateManager.render(InternalTemplateManager.java:835)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.render(DefaultTemplateManager.java:91)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.internal.template.DefaultTemplateManager.render(DefaultTemplateManager.java:85)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.evaluateTemplate(XWiki.java:2569)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.XWiki.parseTemplate(XWiki.java:2547)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.pdf.impl.PdfExportImpl.export(PdfExportImpl.java:166)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.web.ExportAction.export(ExportAction.java:191)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.web.ExportAction.render(ExportAction.java:97)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.web.XWikiAction.execute(XWikiAction.java:637)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.web.XWikiAction.execute(XWikiAction.java:339)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.web.LegacyActionServlet.service(LegacyActionServlet.java:108)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:623)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:199)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
 at com.xpn.xwiki.web.ActionFilter.doFilter(ActionFilter.java:122)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
 at org.xwiki.wysiwyg.filter.ConversionFilter.doFilter(ConversionFilter.java:61)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
 at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
 at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SetHTTPHeaderFilter.doFilter(SetHTTPHeaderFilter.java:63)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
 at org.xwiki.resource.servlet.RoutingFilter.doFilter(RoutingFilter.java:132)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
 at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SavedRequestRestorerFilter.doFilter(SavedRequestRestorerFilter.java:209)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
 at org.xwiki.container.servlet.filters.internal.SetCharacterEncodingFilter.doFilter(SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java:117)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:168)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90)
 at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:130)
 at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93)
 at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:656)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)
 at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:346)
 at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:397)
 at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63)
 at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:935)
 at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1833)
 at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52)
 at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:975)
 at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:493)
 at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:63)
 at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)